In this video, I go over the procedure to boot a Raspberry Pi 4 from a USB flash drive. This technique still requires the bootloader on a microSD card. You can use a small, slow microSD card for this as it is only used for bootloading. I also do a benchmark comparison between the microSD card and the USB flash drive. You will still need a microSD card with the boot loader on it as the Raspberry Pi 4 doesn’t currently support booting from USB without it. This technique also works on previous versions of the Pi.
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Measure Write Performance
dd if=/dev/zero of=temp.txt bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct
Measure Read Performance
dd if=temp.txt of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct
View Block Devices
sudo blkid
Edit cmdline.txt
sudo mousepad /boot/cmdline.txt
Edit /etc/fstab
sudo mousepad /etc/fstab